20-26
УДК 665.7.038
DOI: 10.32758/2071-5951-2021-1-4-20-26
Kopiltsova A. B., Tarasov B. P., Kopiltsov U. A.
(FSUE VNIIM im. DI. Mendeleev, St. Petersburg)
How to certify reference materials: by voting or by exact weights
Как аттестовать стандартные образцы состава: по точным навескам или большинством голосов?
Keywords: oil, oil products, reference materials.
Abstract. The problems of using reference materials (RM) of oil and petroleum products humidity
is discussed for different programs of certification: according to accuracy of the preparation procedure
(RM-PP), according to the results of the interlaboratory studies (RM-INTERLAB) and using reference methods (RM-RM). Similar NIST samples (SRM 2271 and 272) were used for comparison. The problem of using CO-INTERLAB for control the accuracy of standard methods is the absence of the true value, this task is not even raised. «Accuracy control» has a different emphasis in this situation: RM-INTERLAB allow to select, «voting by majority» among the general population of the laboratory and cut the others.
Therefore, their main application is qualification tasks. This approach is basically incorrect for analyzers. In the case of RM-PP and RM-RM, the main problem is the difference in the composition of real samples and ideal matrices of RM’s. Their main application is the control the accuracy of the analyzers in the absence of interfering influences. The «cheap» RM’s production technologies do not allow the omprehensive control of the real oil samples. The complication of oil technologies and the use of heavy oils in refining could provide the progress in RM’s.
29-34
УДК 665.658.6
DOI: 10.32758/2071-5951-2021-1-4-29-34
Suwaid M.A., Al-muntaser A.A., Abdaljalil N.I., Varfolomeev M.A., Djimasbe R., Saleh M.M., Alfarttoosi A.B.
(Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University)
Effect of reaction time on the process of upgrading heavy oils in the presence and in the absence of oil soluble catalysts at 250 ° C.
Влияние продолжительности теплового воздействия на процесс облагораживания тяжелых нефтей c использованием нефтерастворимого катализатора при 250 °С.
Keywords: heavy oil, oil-soluble catalyst, SARA analysis, viscosity.
Abstract. This work presents the possibility of improving the quality of heavy oil during in-situ upgrading using oil-soluble catalysts based on copper (copper oleate) at 250 ° C under high pressure for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours using a 300 ml stainless steel batch reactor. Different technique analyzes for heavy oil befor and after upgrading were carried out: Analysis of the evolved gas components by gas chromatography, determination of the group composition of oil (SARA analysis), measurement of viscosity, gas chromatographic analysis of saturated hydrocarbons. The results showed that with an increase in the time of experiments and the use of oil-soluble catalysts, the content of saturated fractions increases due to a decrease in the content of resins and asphaltenes, which leads to a decrease in viscosity of heavy oil from 2073.7 to 1290.5 mPa.s. According to the obtained results, it can be said that reaction time and the use of an oil-soluble catalyst increase the efficiency of the in-situ upgrading.
36-39
УДК: 665.71; 665.775; 665.775.4; 665.637.88; 665.6.03; 665.64; 665.65; 504.75.05
DOI: 10.32758/2071-5951-2021-1-4-36-39
Suyunov R.R., Laser M.I.
(SC «CTK-EURO», Moscow)
MELANGETM technology of the bitumen production in one-stage without oxidation
Технология MELANGETM одностадийного производства битума без окисления
Keywords: bitumen, heavy oil residue, physical effects, MELANGETM
Abstract.
The innovative technology MELANGETM allows produce of the bitumen in one stage with the required properties, according to the technical request of the Customer, from the heavy oil residue basis on the use of physical and induced by them chemical processes.
In this case, the main physical processes are heating and homogenization of various heavy residues upon heating, that is, mechanical mixing, almost to an ideal state, in parallel with the addition of a polymer capable of forming long spirals and chains in dispersed media.
The experimental work was the basis for the trial production of bitumen according to the European standard BDS EN12591: 2009, which was successfully implemented using the MELANGETM technology at the LUKOIL Neftochim Burgas AD refinery (Burgas, Bulgaria). The heavy unreacted fluidized bed hydrocracking (VTB) residue of the Axens France H-oil process was used as feedstock.
Based on the results of experimental work and the basis of confirmed data from the Customer, a patent of the Russian Federation No. 272118 » Method of producing road bitumen from a heavy residue» was issued.
MELANGETM technology allows solving the problem of utilizing low-margin heavy oil residues, including unconverted residues from high conversion of oil residues, into high-margin products such as road bitumen and bituminous binders.
42-53
УДК 665.7.038
DOI: 10.32758/2071-5951-2021-1-4-42-53
Ershov M. A.1, Savelenko V. D.1, Shvedova N. S.1, Tokareva D. V.1, Potanin D. A.1, Khabibullin I. F.2, Klokova I. V.2
(1LLC «New Technologies Watch Center», 2 JSC « Russian National Research Institute for Oil Refinery», Moscow)
Overview of modern multifunctional gasoline additives. Market, key components, and methods for evaluating their effectiveness.
Обзор современных многофункциональных присадок к бензину. Рынок, ключевые компоненты и методы оценки их эффективности.
Keywords: multifunctional additives, cleaning additives, anti-corrosion additives, friction modifier, automobile gasoline.
Abstract
The article provides an analysis of scientific and technical publications (articles and patents) on the components of multifunctional additives for gasoline, their chemistry and development companies. According to the detergent component, for the first time, based on the analysis of these documents, an integral assessment of the effectiveness of active substances on various elements of the fuel system is given. The article summarizes the current requirements for the content of detergent additives in gasoline of the leading manufacturers, provides standards and currently used methods for evaluating the effectiveness of detergent components. The issues of the market of multifunctional additives are considered by summarizing the marketing statements of the leading Russian and world oil companies, which allows us to draw conclusions about the principal component composition of additives used in commercial branded gasoline. The cost and quantitative assessment of the market of multifunctional additives and branded gasoline is given. The relevance of the topic and this review is high because it given the almost complete absence of gasoline with domestic multifunctional additives on the Russian market. The review will be useful both for specialists involved in the development and testing of multifunctional additives and branded gasoline, and for employees of oil companies (regional sales departments) responsible for promoting new branded fuels to the market.
54-59
УДК 622.276.8
DOI: 10.32758/2071-5951-2021-1-4-54-59
Nigmatullin V. R.,1 Nigmatullin I. R.,1 Nigmatullin R. G.,2 Migranov A.M.2
(1Ufa State Petroleum Technical University (UGNTU), Ufa State Aviation Technical University (UGATU))
Digital monitoring system of equipment for the analysis of fuel and lubricants quality
Цифровая система мониторинга техники по анализу качества смазочных материалов
Keywords: digital monitoring system; lubricants; quality; performance; defects; monitoring, equipment.
Abstract
Currently, to increase the efficiency of industrial production, high-performance and expensive technological equipment is increasingly used, in which the weakest link, from the point of view of efficiency and reliability, is the components and parts of heavily loaded tribo – couplings operating both at significantly different temperatures (conditionally under lighter conditions, the temperature difference can be 100-120 degrees) and climatic conditions (high humidity, the presence of abrasives and other chemical elements in the atmosphere). As the results of the analysis of the frequency of failures of friction units and, accordingly, the cost of their restoration reach 9-20 percent of the cost of all equipment, without taking into account significant losses of income (profit) of the enterprise from downtime. The solution of this problem is based on the study of the wear rate of friction units by the wear products accumulated in working oils, cooling lubricants, and greases. A digital equipment monitoring system (DSMT) has been developed and implemented, which includes dynamic recording of the number of wear products and oil temperature by original modern recording devices, followed by the technology of their processing and use. The system also includes methods for finding the necessary information in large data sets useful and necessary in theoretical and practical terms with a similar technique controlled by a digital monitoring system. The advantages of SMT are the ability to predict the reliability of the equipment; reduce production risks and significantly reduce inefficient costs.
60-64
УДК 547.494.254:621.892.8
DOI: 10.32758/2071-5951-2021-1-4-60-64
Musayeva B.I., Farzaliyev V.M., Ismayilova G.G., Novotorzhina N.N., Safarova M.R.,
Ismayilov I.P.
(Academician A.Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives of NAS Azerbaijan, Baku)
Mixed esters of xanthogenic acids containing carbonyl, dithiocarbamine and thiocyane group and their research as additives improving tribological characteristics
Смешанные эфиры ксантогеновых кислот содержащие карбонильные, дитиокарбаминовую и тиоциановую группы и исследование их в качестве присадок улучшающих трибологические характеристики масел.
Keyword: glycerin, potassium xanthate, sodium diethyldithiocar.
Abstract. On the basis of environmentally friendly raw materials of glycerol, by its interaction with monochloroacetic acid, 1,2,3-(trichloroacetyl)triglyceride was synthesized, which is used for further syntheses of xanthogenic acid derivatives containing a number of functional groups — dithiocarbamic, thiocyanic.
The reaction of 1,2,3-(trichloroacetyl) triglyceride with potassium alkylxanthate in a ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 gave 1-butylxanthogenatoacetoxy-2,3-(dichloroacetoxy) propane and 1,3-di(alkylxanthogenatoacetoxy)-2-chloroacetoxypropane. Mixed esters of xanthogenic acid containing dithiocarbamic and thiocyanic groups were synthesized by the interaction of 1,2,3-(trichloroacetyl) triglyceride in the corresponding sequence, first with sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate, with potassium butylxanthate, as a result 1-butylxanthogenatoacetoxy-2-chloracetoxy-3-(diethyldithiocarbamatoacetoxy) propane.
Sequential reaction of 1,2,3-(trichloroacetyl) triglyceride with potassium rhodanide with potassium butylxanthate gave 1-butylxanthogenatoacetoxy-2-chloroacetoxy-3-(thiocyanatoacetoxy)propane. The structure of the synthesized compounds has been proven by IR spectroscopy. The compounds have been tested as additives to improve the tribological characteristics of oils and have been shown to be effective.